Download >>> https://tinurli.com/283mvt
It is ironic that Banu Umayya (the House of Umayya) came to power through deceit and violence, eventually becoming notorious for their opulence. But the house's origins were not so insidious. The Quraysh succeeded in appropriating the Mosaic law of inheritance, which had previously left no share to women, but soon found themselves unsatisfied with what had seemed at first an act of divine intervention. A third wife, a woman of a lesser rank, was required to assure them an extended family. When the second wife died, the Quraysh allowed Umayya b. Abd Shams to marry her widowed daughter Arwa.Banu Umayya's origins are traced back to one of the earliest clans of Yathrib (later Medina) where they originated as an offshoot of one of Allah's faithful servants who accepted Islam after the death of his father, Qusayy b. Kilab b. Murrah al-Hamdani. Qusayy's four wives were Shabiha' ("women related through affinity. Their fathers were brothers, their sons born at the same time were to be treated as brothers. Their marriages had to take place before a qadi, a person authorized by the laws of Islam to conduct a marriage ceremony"), Umm Habiba, Umm Kulthum b. 'Amir and Anisa b. Abi Sufyan b. al-Harith al-Azdi, the latter having been an enemy of Qusayy's brother Sa‘d. Banu Umayya's association with the Hamdanids made them part of one of the most influential Arab tribes in Syria and Iraq which played an even greater role during the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). The family divided into two main branches. The first was the Abu Sufyan line founded by Umayya's son, Muawiya I (d. 680) and grandson, Yazid I (d. 683). The second was the Abd Shams line founded by Umayya's daughter, Arwa (d. 676). A granddaughter of Umayya named Hind married Muhammad and was the mother of ‘Ali and Abu Talib. Banu Umayya's political importance declined during Abbasid rule as they became increasingly reliant on their tribal allies who frequently succeeded them in the governance of various provinces. The Abbasids however allowed them to retain their influence as they were one of the few Arab families on whom they could rely for support. cfa1e77820
Comments